California: "My Medicine Is Punishment": A Case Of Torture In Early ...

California: "My Medicine Is Punishment": A Case Of Torture In Early California, 1775–1776 Claudio Saunt, 2010   In November 1775, Kumeyaay Indians attacked and destroyed Mission San Diego, at the foot of Alta California. In the wake of that event, Spanish officials interrogated and tortured Indians to gather intelligence. While historians have recounted the uprising's origins and aftermath, they have not recognized that their accounts ultimately rest on coerced testimony. This article...

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